States of Matter & Particle Theory Quiz

1. What are the three common states of matter?

1. Crystal, fluid, and vapour
2. Dense, fluid, and dispersed
3. Hard, soft, and liquid
4. Solid, liquid, and gas

2. In the particle model, how are particles arranged in a solid?

1. Closely packed in a regular pattern, vibrating about fixed positions
2. Randomly arranged but close together
3. Randomly spread out with lots of space between them
4. Spread out and moving freely in all directions

3. What is the difference between evaporation and boiling?

1. Boiling occurs at the surface; evaporation occurs throughout
2. Evaporation occurs only at the surface at any temperature; boiling occurs throughout the liquid only at the boiling point
3. Evaporation only happens below 0°C
4. They are exactly the same process

4. What is sublimation?

1. A gas condensing directly into a solid
2. A liquid evaporating quickly
3. A solid melting into a liquid
4. The direct change from solid to gas without passing through the liquid state

5. What happens to the temperature of a substance during a change of state (e.g. melting)?

1. Temperature decreases
2. Temperature increases rapidly
3. Temperature oscillates during the change
4. Temperature remains constant until the change of state is complete

6. What is Brownian motion?

1. The circular motion of gas particles
2. The random, erratic movement of small particles suspended in a fluid, caused by collisions with fluid molecules
3. The regular oscillation of molecules in a liquid
4. The vibration of particles in a solid

7. What is latent heat?

1. Heat stored in the nucleus of atoms
2. The energy required to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature
3. The energy stored in chemical bonds
4. The heat energy lost during cooling

8. What is diffusion?

1. The expansion of a gas when heated
2. The movement of particles from a region of high concentration to low concentration
3. The random vibration of particles in a solid
4. The separation of a mixture by boiling

9. Why do gases diffuse faster than liquids?

1. Gas particles are lighter
2. Gas particles are smaller in size
3. Gas particles move much faster and have much more space between them, so they collide less frequently and spread out more quickly
4. Gases have higher concentration gradients

10. What happens to gas pressure when the volume of a container is halved (temperature constant)?

1. Pressure doubles
2. Pressure halves
3. Pressure quadruples
4. Pressure stays the same

11. What is plasma?

1. A fourth state of matter consisting of ionised gas with freely moving electrons and ions
2. A liquid metal like mercury
3. A type of colloid
4. A very cold state of matter

12. What is the effect of increasing temperature on the rate of diffusion?

1. Diffusion slows down
2. Diffusion speeds up because particles have more kinetic energy and move faster
3. Diffusion stops
4. Temperature has no effect on diffusion rate

13. What is the kinetic theory of gases?

1. A model describing gas particles as waves
2. A model that describes gas behaviour in terms of rapidly moving particles colliding with each other and the container walls
3. A theory about how gases condense into liquids
4. A theory that all gas particles are stationary

14. What is absolute zero?

1. 0°C, the freezing point of water
2. The melting point of ice at −273°C
3. The temperature at which all gases condense
4. The theoretical temperature (−273.15°C or 0 K) at which particles have minimum kinetic energy

15. What is the name of the change of state from gas to liquid?

1. Condensation
2. Deposition
3. Evaporation
4. Sublimation

16. Why does water expand when it freezes?

1. Liquid water is less dense than ice
2. The atoms in water grow larger at low temperatures
3. Water gains heat energy as it freezes
4. Water molecules form a hexagonal crystalline structure with hydrogen bonds that takes up more space than liquid water

17. How does increasing temperature affect gas pressure in a sealed container of fixed volume?

1. Pressure decreases
2. Pressure increases because particles move faster and hit the walls more often and with greater force
3. Pressure stays constant
4. Temperature has no effect on pressure in a sealed container

18. What is the difference between a pure substance and a mixture in terms of melting point?

1. Mixtures have a lower melting point only if they are alloys
2. Mixtures melt at higher temperatures than pure substances
3. Pure substances have a sharp, fixed melting point; mixtures melt over a range of temperatures
4. There is no difference in melting behaviour

19. What is surface tension?

1. The friction between a liquid and its container
2. The pressure inside a gas bubble
3. The tendency of the surface of a liquid to contract, due to cohesive forces between molecules at the surface
4. The weight of liquid pressing on the surface below

20. What is meant by the term 'vapour pressure'?

1. The gas pressure in a sealed container
2. The pressure exerted by a vapour in equilibrium with its liquid or solid phase at a given temperature
3. The pressure of steam in a boiler
4. The pressure required to liquify a gas