Book of Ecclesiastes Quiz: Vanity, Wisdom, and the Fear of God

1. What is the opening declaration of Ecclesiastes, and what does the key word mean?

1. 'The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom' — the Preacher announces that wisdom begins with reverence for God
2. 'The words of the wise are like goads, their collected sayings like firmly embedded nails' — the Preacher announces that his words will pierce and challenge
3. 'There is a time for everything, and a season for every activity under the heavens' — the Preacher announces the theme of time's patterns
4. 'Vanity of vanities, says the Preacher, vanity of vanities! All is vanity' — the Hebrew word hebel (vanity) means breath or vapour: fleeting, insubstantial, unable to be grasped

2. Who is 'the Preacher' (Qohelet) in Ecclesiastes, and what is the book's literary setting?

1. The Preacher (Qohelet) presents himself as 'son of David, king in Jerusalem' — traditionally identified with Solomon, though the book never names him. He had unparalleled wisdom, wealth, and resources for his experiment
2. The Preacher is anonymous — the 'son of David' phrase is a literary device meaning any pious Israelite, not a specific royal figure
3. The Preacher is explicitly identified as Moses — the book is a final meditation given to Israel before the conquest of Canaan
4. The Preacher is Ezra — the book was written after the exile as a theological response to the disappointment of the return

3. What did the Preacher conclude after testing wisdom, pleasure, work, and wealth?

1. He concluded that all of these — wisdom, laughter, wine, great projects, servants, wealth, music — brought him no lasting advantage: 'When I surveyed all that my hands had done... everything was meaningless, a chasing after the wind'
2. He concluded that all pursuits are equally valuable when undertaken in the right spirit — the problem was not the pursuits themselves but his attitude toward them
3. He found that pleasure and wealth were empty but that wisdom alone provided lasting meaning — he ended his experiment satisfied
4. He found that wisdom was entirely satisfying — the pursuit of knowledge brought deep and lasting fulfillment

4. What is the famous 'time' poem in Ecclesiastes 3, and what point does it make?

1. 'A time to love and a time to hate, a time for war and a time for peace' — the poem argues that all human impulses, including negative ones, have their proper season
2. 'Do not say, Why were the old days better than these? For it is not wise to ask such questions' — the poem warns against nostalgia for the past
3. 'The race is not to the swift or the battle to the strong, nor does food come to the wise or wealth to the brilliant or favour to the learned; but time and chance happen to them all' — the poem emphasizes random fortune
4. 'There is a time for everything, and a season for every activity under the heavens: a time to be born and a time to die, a time to plant and a time to uproot' — the poem argues that all human experiences are divinely ordered and that humans cannot control their timing

5. What does Ecclesiastes say about death as the great equaliser?

1. 'For the living know that they will die, but the dead know nothing... for there is no work or thought or knowledge or wisdom in the grave, where you are going' — death renders all human distinctions meaningless
2. Ecclesiastes teaches that death is not the end — the Preacher believes in a clear afterlife where justice is finally served
3. Ecclesiastes teaches that only the righteous survive death — the wicked are annihilated while the righteous receive eternal reward
4. The Preacher avoids the topic of death — it is mentioned only briefly and the book focuses entirely on life choices

6. What does the Preacher repeatedly commend as a positive response to life's uncertainty?

1. Extensive study and the accumulation of wisdom — the only proper response to meaninglessness is deeper intellectual engagement
2. Political engagement — working to reform society so that the injustices described in Ecclesiastes can be addressed systemically
3. Repeated 'carpe diem' passages commend enjoying food, drink, work, and relationships with the spouse you love — not as hedonism but as receiving God's gifts in each present moment
4. Rigorous self-discipline — mortify the flesh and detach from earthly pleasures to avoid disappointment

7. What does Ecclesiastes 5 warn about when making vows and going to the temple?

1. 'Guard your steps when you go to the house of God. Go near to listen rather than to offer the sacrifice of fools... Do not be quick with your mouth, do not be hasty in your heart to utter anything before God. God is in heaven and you are on earth, so let your words be few'
2. 'It is a trap to dedicate something rashly and only later to consider one's vows' — Proverbs-style caution about financial vows
3. 'When you make a vow to God, do not delay in fulfilling it. He has no pleasure in fools; fulfil your vow'
4. Both option 2 and option 3 are found in Ecclesiastes 5

8. What is the famous observation in Ecclesiastes about finding a good wife versus an evil one?

1. 'A wife of noble character who can find? She is worth far more than rubies' — citing Proverbs 31 directly
2. 'Enjoy life with your wife, whom you love, all the days of this meaningless life that God has given you under the sun' — marriage as a gift to be appreciated
3. 'I found one upright man among a thousand, but not one upright woman among them all' — a puzzling statement that has been extensively debated by commentators as to its meaning and scope
4. 'Two are better than one, because they have a good return for their labour' — the Preacher commends companionship in marriage for its practical advantages

9. What does Ecclesiastes observe about oppression and injustice 'under the sun'?

1. 'Again I looked and saw all the oppression that was taking place under the sun: I saw the tears of the oppressed — and they have no comforter; power was on the side of their oppressors — and they have no comforter'
2. 'The poor man's wisdom saves the city, yet no one remembers that poor man' — Ecclesiastes commends wisdom over power as the solution to oppression
3. Ecclesiastes ignores social justice — it focuses exclusively on personal wisdom and individual meaning-making
4. Ecclesiastes teaches that the wise person can avoid oppression by making good choices — injustice only befalls the foolish

10. What does Ecclesiastes say about a cord of three strands?

1. 'A threefold cord of wisdom, discipline, and prudence makes a person strong against all adversity'
2. 'Gather three advisers and their counsel will not be broken — wisdom increases with the number of counsellors'
3. 'Two are better than one... If either of them falls down, one can help the other up... Also, if two lie down together, they will keep warm. But how can one keep warm alone? Though one may be overpowered, two can defend themselves. A cord of three strands is not quickly broken'
4. It is a description of the Trinity — Father, Son, and Spirit working together in creation

11. What does Ecclesiastes 9:11 observe about life's outcomes, and what is its significance?

1. 'A living dog is better off than a dead lion' — pragmatic engagement with life is better than noble but passive resignation
2. 'The race is not to the swift or the battle to the strong, nor does food come to the wise or wealth to the brilliant or favour to the learned; but time and chance happen to them all' — life is not as meritocratic as Proverbs might suggest
3. 'The wise person does not know when their hour will come, as fish are caught in a cruel net, or birds are taken in a snare'
4. 'Whatsoever your hand finds to do, do it with all your might, for in the realm of the dead, where you are going, there is neither working nor planning nor knowledge nor wisdom'

12. What does Ecclesiastes say about the 'evil' of not being able to enjoy one's wealth?

1. 'The sleep of a labourer is sweet, whether they eat little or much, but as for the rich, their abundance permits them no sleep'
2. 'There is an evil I have seen under the sun... God gives some people wealth, possessions and honour... but God does not grant them the ability to enjoy them, and strangers enjoy them instead. This is meaningless, a grievous evil'
3. 'Whoever loves money never has enough; whoever loves wealth is never satisfied with their income. This too is meaningless'
4. All of the above are found in Ecclesiastes

13. What does Ecclesiastes 11-12 say to young people about how to live?

1. 'Remember your Creator in the days of your youth, before the evil days come and the years approach when you will say, I find no pleasure in them'
2. 'Sow your seed in the morning, and at evening let your hands not be idle, for you do not know which will succeed, whether this or that, or whether both will do equally well'
3. 'You who are young, be happy while you are young, and let your heart give you joy in the days of your youth. Follow the ways of your heart and whatever your eyes see, but know that for all these things God will bring you into judgment'
4. Both of the above are found in Ecclesiastes 11-12, forming together a charge to youth: enjoy life fully and responsibly, with the awareness of God and coming judgment

14. What is the 'allegory of old age' in Ecclesiastes 12:1-7, and what image ends it?

1. The allegorical image of a temple falling into disrepair describes the ageing body — 'the sun and the light and the moon and the stars grow dark' (eyes fail); 'the doors to the street are closed' (ears); 'the almond tree blossoms' (white hair). It ends: 'the dust returns to the ground it came from, and the spirit returns to God who gave it'
2. The allegory describes a winter storm — the clouds represent trouble coming and the broken pitcher describes the disruption of life's routine patterns
3. The allegory describes Israel in exile — the darkening lights represent the glory departing from Jerusalem and the spirit returning to God is the return from Babylon
4. The allegory is about the setting sun — a poetic description of evening that serves as a metaphor for the end of each day's opportunities

15. What is the conclusion of the whole book of Ecclesiastes (the 'epilogue')?

1. 'Fear God and keep his commandments, for this is the duty of all mankind. For God will bring every deed into judgment, including every hidden thing, whether it is good or evil'
2. 'The words of the wise are like goads, their collected sayings like firmly embedded nails — given by one shepherd. Of making many books there is no end'
3. 'There is nothing better for a person than that he should eat and drink and find enjoyment in his toil' — the carpe diem refrain provides the final word
4. 'Vanity of vanities, all is vanity' — the book ends exactly as it began, with no resolution offered

16. What does 'under the sun' mean as a repeated phrase in Ecclesiastes?

1. 'Under the sun' (38 times) describes the realm of human experience lived within temporal, horizontal limits — without reference to God. When the Preacher says 'all is vanity under the sun,' he is describing what life looks like when God is bracketed out
2. 'Under the sun' is a euphemism for death — 'under the sun' describes the underworld where the dead go
3. 'Under the sun' means 'in daylight' — Ecclesiastes consistently contrasts what is done publicly (under the sun) with what is done in secret
4. 'Under the sun' refers to the Middle East — it describes events happening in the geographical region where the Preacher lived

17. What does Ecclesiastes say about the unpredictability of work's outcomes (11:1-6)?

1. 'A sluggard will not plough in autumn; at harvest time he looks but finds nothing'
2. 'Cast your bread upon the waters, for after many days you will find it again. Invest in seven ventures, yes, in eight; you do not know what disaster may come upon the land... Whoever watches the wind will not plant; whoever looks at the clouds will not reap'
3. 'It is better to finish a project than to start one, and better to be patient than to be proud'
4. 'The plans of the diligent lead to profit as surely as haste leads to poverty' — work outcomes are entirely predictable when approached with wisdom

18. How does Ecclesiastes relate to the wisdom tradition and what distinguishes it?

1. Ecclesiastes is a straightforward wisdom book — it simply applies Proverbs' principles to more specific life situations
2. Ecclesiastes is proto-philosophical in the Greek sense — it applies Stoic or Epicurean categories to Hebrew faith, showing the influence of Hellenistic thought on post-exilic Israel
3. Ecclesiastes is radical wisdom — it applies wisdom's own methods (observation, testing) to wisdom itself and finds it insufficient without God. It functions as wisdom's self-critique and most honest product: a sage who followed wisdom to its limit and found only God at the edge
4. Ecclesiastes rejects wisdom entirely — the Preacher becomes a nihilist who concludes that thought itself is pointless

19. What is the connection between Ecclesiastes and Genesis in the opening and closing chapters?

1. Ecclesiastes ends with the creation being restored — the spirit returning to God in 12:7 is a reversal of Genesis 3's expulsion from Eden
2. Ecclesiastes opens with 'In the beginning God created' — making it a commentary on Genesis 1
3. Ecclesiastes opens with the cyclical rhythms of creation ('One generation passes away and another comes... The sun rises and the sun sets... The wind blows to the south and turns to the north'). It closes: 'the dust returns to the ground it came from' — echoing Genesis 2:7 and 3:19 ('for dust you are and to dust you shall return')
4. Ecclesiastes' connection to Genesis is through the theme of the fall — the Preacher's experience of vanity is explained as the result of the curse in Genesis 3

20. What is the significance of Ecclesiastes in the biblical canon?

1. All of the above are true
2. Ecclesiastes serves as Scripture's own internal voice of honest questioning — it prevents the biblical wisdom tradition from becoming a closed, comfortable system. Its presence says: the canon is large enough to include radical honesty, uncomfortable questions, and the limits of human understanding
3. Ecclesiastes was a controversial book — the rabbis debated whether to include it in the canon because of its apparent pessimism and possible contradictions with other wisdom books
4. Ecclesiastes was added to the canon to fill a gap in wisdom literature — before it, only Proverbs and Psalms represented wisdom, and Ecclesiastes added a philosophical counterbalance